Yannick Harrel

The third and final referendum in New Caledonia on December 13, 2021, was closely followed by France due to the territory’s future status as either a territorial collectivity or an independent state. However, this vote was also closely monitored by various global public and private actors. The New Caledonian archipelago draws significant international attention for two main reasons. The first is its strategic geographic position in the South Pacific, where China’s growing influence has heightened concerns among regional powers such as Australia and New Zealand, allies of the United States (as evidenced by the official announcement of the AUKUS military alliance on September 15, 2021). The second, and the focus of this analysis, is its mineral wealth, particularly its substantial nickel deposits, which dominate its resource extraction industry. Nickel is a critical resource in the global energy transition, as outlined by the signatories of the Kyoto Protocol (1997), reinforced by the Pa...

Le troisième et dernier référendum de la Nouvelle Calédonie le 13 décembre 2021 a été particulièrement suivi par la France en raison de son futur statut en tant que collectivité territoriale ou d’État indépendant. Cette votation fut cependant aussi scrutée de très près par plusieurs acteurs mondiaux, publics et privés. Gisement du grand Sud – Prony Resources   Car l’archipel néo-calédonien attise l’attention de nombreux observateurs internationaux pour une double raison : la première est son positionnement géographique dans l’espace de l’Océan Pacifique Sud, où la montée en puissance de la Chine suscite une inquiétude renforcée chez les puissances régionales comme l’Australie et la Nouvelle Zélande, alliées des États-Unis (d’où l’annonce officielle de l’alliance militaire AUKUS le 15 septembre 2021) ; la seconde, celle qui nous intéresse le plus en la présente analyse, est sa richesse minéralogique, laquelle consiste en l’extraction...

  Despite its seemingly social focus , the "Indignados" movement in Spain was deeply intertwined with cyberspace-related issues, not only through its use of communication tools but also from an ideological perspective. The 15-M Movement, as it is also known, emerged as a large-scale social phenomenon driven by several converging factors: an economic crisis disproportionately affecting younger populations; disillusionment with a political class perceived as overly beholden to lobbies and disconnected from reality; a distorted democracy increasingly controlled by professional elites rather than citizens; and rejection of the widening income gap between the richest and poorest. While this movement shares similarities with the Arab revolutions—particularly in its extensive use of new telecommunications and social networks—it is also connected to social movements that have emerged since 2009 in Iceland, Lithuania, Latvia, Greece, and the United Kingdom. Notably, one of the eight d...