Dr. Yannick Harrel

Ce billet tire son origine de certains déplacements en pays de France et d'Allemagne. Ce qui est pratique pour opérer une comparaison à chaud et déterminer quelle approche anime les politiques de régulation de circulation de chaque zone territoriale. En Allemagne, une grande souplesse est opérée dans la fluidité du trafic, et traverser un village ne relève pas - sauf exceptions pour certains lieux très touristiques - d'un parcours d'obstacles à faire pâlir Ken Block. En revanche les contrôles y sont fréquents et sévères, souvent à l'entrée et à la sortie des zones habitées.  A contrario, le respect des passages piétons est impitoyable : gare à l'automobiliste distrait ou égoïste qui refuserait de s'arrêter - et non simplement ralentir - pour laisser traverser tout bipède ou quadrupède. La sanction est immédiate en cas d'infraction constatée : 80 euros. En France est privilégiée la lutte contre la vitesse, fût-ce au détriment de la fluidité du t...

Update 2024 : The BRICS+ summit held in Kazan - from October 22 to 24, 2024 - made it possible to confirm a recomposition of the world in progress. While it is still far too early to predict long-term success, several advances have been made: whether it be a preliminary agreement on the border dispute between India and China or the BRICS Clear trade compensation system, as well as by 2025 (at best), a payment system, BRICS Pay. Host of this edition, Russian leader Vladimir Putin had every interest in moving the various members forward on issues impacting his country since 2014, and in bringing about financial autonomy for this group of countries. But it was also the confirmation of the Russian-Chinese understanding (as well as the Russian-Indian understanding) which facilitated exchanges and the establishment of specifications accepted by all. Among the other projects listed, it is worth noting the long-term desire to create a precious metals exchange for members of the ...

  On Wednesday, June 30, 2025, in Washington, the agreement on the mining of Ukraine's subsoil was signed by the United States. The document was initially scheduled for signing on February 28, 2025, during a meeting between the American and Ukrainian leaders, before tensions worsened after the meeting, particularly with Vice President James D. Vance. Canceled, deemed unfair, but subsequently pressed by the American authorities, the Ukrainian presidency decided to give in on a few points while claiming to safeguard national sovereignty over its underground resources. Although the terms of this agreement are not yet known [1], the broad outlines revealed suggest that the United States will have precedence over any other state regarding the prospecting, exploitation and development of Ukrainian subsoil. Publicized abroad due to highly proactive diplomacy, this policy nevertheless begins with the national territory and has its roots in Trump 's first presidency in 2016, reflect...

This triangular set draws its source from a systemic approach to the dynamic forces driving contemporary society. Since the invention of the wheel [1], transportation has been a means of controlling territories by the State wishing to exercise its prerogatives over them. Infrastructures have been developed in particular to allow the growth of trade but also - and above all - the rapid deployment in all axes of columns of soldiers: this was, is and will remain the norm for any power intending to keep its space under control [2]. It is up to any civilization to increase the transport network and maintain it at a sufficient level. Its cultural, economic, social, political, military, religious, scientific, etc. health depends on it. This network can be supplemented where appropriate by public and/or private local resource providers. By extension, the exploitation of the territory for the benefit of the resident group cannot be carried out without an efficient transport networ...

  In July 2023 and again in August 2024, China announced restrictions on the export of germanium, gallium, and then antimony to Western countries. This decision, which was not the first of its kind by the Middle Kingdom, nevertheless takes on added significance in a tense global context with the United States. The decision also recognizes the industrial and logistical maturity of a country that knows it is robust enough to oppose Western interests. Three critical materials for Western industrial activity : Germanium (Ge, number 32), gallium (Ga, number 31), antimony (Sb, number 51): these materials with such singular names have hardly made the news in recent months. This is all the more damaging given their essential role in the ecological and digital transitions that Western societies have imposed on themselves, as well as in the development of contemporary civil and military technologies. Because these materials play crucial roles in several sectors due to their uni...